Inhibitory Effects of Pre-harvest Spraying Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate on the Disease Occurrence in Longan Fruit during Postharvest Storage and Its Mechanism
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摘要: 为阐明采前喷施胺鲜酯对采后龙眼果实贮藏期间病害发生的影响及其可能机理，用浓度为10 mg/kg的胺鲜酯溶液在‘福眼’龙眼盛花期后70、90、110 d各喷施果实1次，以蒸馏水喷施为对照，果实采收后在（28±1）℃下贮藏。采后贮藏期间取样测定龙眼果实感病指数、果皮木质素和总酚含量，以及果皮苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活力。结果发现：经采前喷施胺鲜酯的龙眼果实感病指数采后贮藏至第6 d比对照组低11.59%。与对照组龙眼果实相比，采前喷施胺鲜酯可降低采后龙眼果实贮藏期间的感病指数、果皮多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活力，保持较高的果皮苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活力，以及果皮木质素和总酚含量。综合分析可知，采前喷施胺鲜酯能有效减轻龙眼果实采后病害的发生，这与采前喷施胺鲜酯能提高采后龙眼果实的果皮抗病相关酶活力和降低酚类物质氧化酶活力，从而有利于提高木质素、总酚等抗病物质含量，进而增强果实抗病性有关。Abstract: In order to elucidate the influences of pre-harvest spraying diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) on the disease occurrence in longan fruit during postharvest storage and its possible mechanism, fruit of ‘Fuyan’ longan at 70, 90 and 110 days after full bloom was sprayed with DA-6 solution at the concentration of 10 mg/kg, and the fruit sprayed with distilled water served as control. The harvested longan fruit were stored at (28±1) oC. During storage, the index of longan fruit disease, the contents of lignin and total phenolics, the activities of phenylalnine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) in longan pericarp were evaluated. When stored for 6 d, the fruit disease index in 10 mg/kg DA-6-treated longan was 11.59% lower than control longans. The results also indicated that, contrasted to the control samples, during postharvest storage, pre-harvest spraying DA-6 could lower index of fruit disease, reduce activities of PPO and POD, but retain higher activities of PAL, GLU and CHI, as well as maintain higher levels of lignin and total phenolics. These findings suggested that pre-harvest spraying DA-6 could effectively suppress disease development of postharvest longan fruit, which was due to DA-6 induced-the enhanced activities of disease resistance related-enzymes and the reduced activities of phenols oxidation related-enzymes, the increased levels of disease-resistant substances, and then the enhanced disease resistance.
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图 2 采前喷施胺鲜酯对龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮PAL活力的影响
Figure 2. Influences of pre-harvest spraying DA-6 on pericarp PAL activity in postharvest longans during storage
图 3 采前喷施胺鲜酯对龙眼果实采后贮藏期间果皮PPO活力的影响
Figure 3. Influences of pre-harvest spraying DA-6 on pericarp PPO activity in postharvest longans during storage
图 4 采前喷施胺鲜酯对龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮POD活力的影响
Figure 4. Influences of pre-harvest spraying DA-6 on pericarp POD activity in postharvest longans during storage
图 5 采前喷施胺鲜酯对龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮CHI活力的影响
Figure 5. Influences of pre-harvest spraying DA-6 on pericarp CHI activity in postharvest longans during storage
图 6 采前喷施胺鲜酯对龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮GLU活力的影响
Figure 6. Influences of pre-harvest spraying DA-6 on pericarp GLU activity in postharvest longans during storage
图 7 采前喷施胺鲜酯对龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮总酚含量的影响
Figure 7. Influences of pre-harvest spraying DA-6 on pericarp total phenolic content in postharvest longans during storage
图 8 采前喷施胺鲜酯对龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮木质素含量的影响
Figure 8. Influences of pre-harvest spraying DA-6 on pericarp lignin content in postharvest longans during storage
表 1 对照组龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮总酚含量与PPO、POD、PAL活力的相关系数
Table 1. Correlation coefficients between total phenolic content and activities of PPO, POD and PAL in pericarp of control longan fruit during storage
果皮总酚含量 果皮PPO活力（0~6 d） ?0.909* 果皮POD活力（0~6 d） ?0.881* 果皮PAL活力（1~5 d） 0.977* 注： *表示在相同贮藏时间，胺鲜酯处理组与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）；表2同。 
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表 2 对照组龙眼果实贮藏期间果实感病指数与果皮总酚含量、PPO、POD、PAL活力的相关系数
Table 2. Correlation coefficients between fruit disease index and pericarp total phenolic content, pericarp PPO, POD and PAL activities in control longan fruit during storage
果实感病指数 果皮总酚含量（0~6 d） ?0.925* 果皮PPO活力（0~6 d） 0.946* 果皮POD活力（0~6 d） 0.881* 果皮PAL活力（1~5 d） ?0.872* 
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