Research Progress of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Improving Neurological Diseases by Regulating Intestinal Flora
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摘要: 外源γ-氨基丁酸能否进入大脑区域存在一定的争议，随着“微生物-肠-脑轴”概念的提出，提示外源γ-氨基丁酸可以通过口服等方式进入机体，调节肠道微环境，为其影响中枢系统、治疗神经系统疾病提供了一个新思路。目前，以微生物方法制备的γ-氨基丁酸可以作为新食品原料应用于部分食品，且已逐渐开发富含γ-氨基丁酸的功能性食品。大量文献证实，摄入一定量的γ-氨基丁酸可影响神经系统功能，具备改善睡眠质量、抑郁样行为、行为及认知障碍等生理功效。本文从外源γ-氨基丁酸的制备方法、与肠道菌群之间的关系、通过肠道菌群对相关神经系统疾病的影响及可能作用机制进行综述，以期为γ-氨基丁酸在药物和功能食品中的应用提供参考。Abstract: There has been a controversy as to whether exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid can enter brain regions. The concept of "microbe-gut-brain axis" suggestes that exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid is able to enter the body through oral administration. The γ-aminobutyric acid is subsequently involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal microenvironment, which benefits the central system and provides treatment for neurological diseases. Currently, the γ-aminobutyric acid prepared by microbial method can be used as a new food raw material in certain foods and functional foods rich in γ-aminobutyric acid has been gradually developed. Literature confirms that the intake of a certain amount of γ-aminobutyric could affect nervous system function including improvement of sleep quality, depression-like behavior, behavior and cognitive disorders. This paper is to provide reference for the application of γ-aminobutyric acid in medicine and functional food with the focus on GABA preparation, the relationship between γ-aminobutyric acid and intestinal flora, the effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on nervous system through intestinal flora and its preparation methods.
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表 1 富含GABA发酵海带（FST）对阿尔兹海默症的作用
Table 1. Effects of GABA - enriched fermented sea tangle (FST) on Alzheimer's disease
剂量/模型 干预时间 影响 参考文献 21名53~63岁女性，
每天摄入
1000 mg FST8周 补充FST后，受试者全身脂肪及瘦肉情况得到改善，肌肉生长因子含量增加；血液中甘油三酯水平、血管紧张素转换酶浓度降低，同时胰岛素样生长因子-1和血清BDNF含量显著升高。 [55] 60名老年受试者，
每日摄入1.5 gFST6周 每天服用FST的老年人的感知视觉刺激和执行识别任务的能力、信息处理和注意能力增强，在神经心理及身体健康评定结果中，与对照组呈现出显著性差异；机体抗氧化因子、胰岛素样生长因子-1和血清BDNF含量均显著升高 [56] 经Sco和Etoh诱导的AD模型各3组，每组包括模型组、多奈哌齐对照组及FST治疗组各一 4周 被动回避实验发现Sco和Etoh诱导的AD小鼠在明箱中停留的时间分别为49.00±19.52 s和51.06±13.30 s，FST可增加Etoh诱导的模型小鼠在明箱中停留的时间至157.73±27.80 s，增加Sco诱导模型小鼠的停留时间至72.87±25.08 s；FST上调ERK1/2及p-CREB蛋白的表达 [57] 
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